Eklektikos: Categorised under Language

2023-06-29T02:24:30Z

Categorised under Language

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:24, 29 June 2023
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			[[Category:Language\|{{PAGENAME}}]]

Grunt at 20:05, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T20:05:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:05, 24 March 2010
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	There is no distinction in elven between the gerund (-ing ending) form of a verb turned into a noun and its non gerund form. Thus, hope and hoping are both tikvooith, and you must know the context of the sentence to figure out which is which.		There is no distinction in elven between the gerund (-ing ending) form of a verb turned into a noun and its non gerund form. Thus, hope and hoping are both tikvooith, and you must know the context of the sentence to figure out which is which.

	If the noun is a person, add 'ot' to the end of the noun (or 'ithot' to the end of the verb stem). Remember plurals come after the entire word (ithoten not ithenot).		If the noun is a person, add 'ot' to the end of the noun (or 'ithot' to the end of the verb stem). Remember plurals come after the entire word (ithoten not ithenot). In the few cases where a distinction between male and female would exist, add -an after the -ot.

	'''Examples:'''		'''Examples:'''
	:* ''taynas'' (to give) becomes '''taynithot''' (giver)		:* ''taynas'' (to give) becomes '''taynithot''' (giver)
	:* ''raytzas'' (to run) becomes '''raytzithot''' (runner)		:* ''raytzas'' (to run) becomes '''raytzithot''' (runner)
			:* ''tzadahlas'' (to hunt) becomes '''tzadahlithot''' or '''tzadalithotan''' (hunter or huntress)

Grunt: Breaking Verbs out to their own page, organizing rules.

2010-03-15T17:29:40Z

Breaking Verbs out to their own page, organizing rules.

New page

===Rules===

=====Finding the Stem of a Verb=====
Infinitives end in -as. The rest of the word is called the "stem". Therefore, in the case of 'to guard' ('''shemaras''') the stem is '''shemar'''

===== Present Indicative tense =====
'''Singular verbs, remove the as ending and use the stem by itself:'''

:* I guard 'Eni shemar''

:* You guard ''Ta shemar''

:* He/She/It guards ''Loo/Lah/Loo shemar.''

'''Plural verbs, add -u to the stem:'''

:* We guard ''Nethnu shemaru''

:* You guard ''Tem shemaru''

:* They guard ''Loom shemaru''

===== Present Perfect tense: =====

In the present perfect tense, it is not necessary to use the pronoun. Thus, I guarded, "Eni shemarti", can be "shemarti". Accent is on the second syllable in this tense.

:* I guarded ''shemarti''

:* You guarded ''shemarta''

:* He/It guarded ''shemaroe''

:* She guarded ''shemarah''

:* We guarded ''shemarnu''

:* You guarded ''shemartem''

:* They guarded ''shemaroo''

===== Future imperfect: =====

:* I will guard ''Eni e'shemar''

:* You will guard ''Ta tee'shemar''

:* He/She/It will guard ''loo/lah/loo ye'shemar''

:* We will guard ''Nethnu ne'shemar''

:* You (pl) will guard ''Tem tee'shemaru''

:* They will guard ''Loom ye'shemaru''

===== The verb "to be". =====

The only irregular verb in the Avlissian elven tongue is the verb "to be" (hayas). In elven, the verb "to be" is ''implied'' in the present tense.

:* I '''am''' good. ''Eni toova.''

:* You '''are''' good. ''Ta toova.''

:* He '''is''' good. ''Loo toova.''

:* She '''is''' good. ''Lah toova.''

:* We '''are''' good. ''Nethnu toova.''

:* You '''are''' good. ''Tem toova.''

:* They '''are''' good. ''Loom toova.''

Past Perfect:
:* I '''was''' good. ''Hayti toova.''

:* You '''were''' good. ''Hayta toova.''

:* He/It '''was''' good. ''Hayoe toova.''

:* She '''was''' good. ''Hayah toova.''

:* We '''were''' good. ''Haynu toova.''

:* You '''were''' good. ''Haytem toova.''

:* They '''were''' good. ''Hayoo toova.''

Future Imperfect:
:* I '''will be''' good. ''Eni e'hay toova.''

:* You '''will be''' good. ''Ta tee'hay toova.''

:* He/It '''will be''' good. ''Loo ye'hay toova.''

:* She '''will be''' good. ''Lah ye'hay toova.''

:* We '''will be''' good. ''Nethnu ne'hay toova.''

:* You '''will be''' good. ''Tem tee'hay toova.''

:* They '''will be''' good. ''Loom ye'hay toova.''

===== Converting a verb to a noun: =====

Take the stem and add the 'ith' ending. <small>''(Some verbs like Sheras (to sing) do not follow this rule.)''</small>

'''Examples:'''
:* ''taynas'' (to give) becomes '''taynith''' (giving)
:* ''tikvooas'' (to hope) becomes '''tikvooith''' (hope, or hoping)

There is no distinction in elven between the gerund (-ing ending) form of a verb turned into a noun and its non gerund form. Thus, hope and hoping are both tikvooith, and you must know the context of the sentence to figure out which is which.

If the noun is a person, add 'ot' to the end of the noun (or 'ithot' to the end of the verb stem). Remember plurals come after the entire word (ithoten not ithenot).

'''Examples:'''
:* ''taynas'' (to give) becomes '''taynithot''' (giver)
:* ''raytzas'' (to run) becomes '''raytzithot''' (runner)

===List of Common Verbs===
{|border="0" style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:750px;"
! !! !!
|-valign="top"
|
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|A
!width="100"|
|-
|to accuse||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|saltanas
|-
|to agree||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|choselas
|-
|to allow||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|nathalas
|-
|to answer||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|emerlas
|-
|to arrive||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|negalas
|-
|to ask||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|rabalas
|-
|to attack||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|nofaylas
|-
|(to be) able to||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|yucolas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="110"|B
!width="120"|
|-
|to become||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|(use 'to be' future imperfect)
|-
|to begin||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|(use am/is beginning ex: Eni roosh)
|-
|to believe||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oomanas
|-
|to bless||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|berathas
|-
|to borrow||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|shaalas
|-
|to break||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|bathalas
|-
|to breathe||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lahatas
|-
|to bring/carry||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|galdalas
|-
|to buy||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|knotas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|C
!width="80"|
|-
|to call||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|kraytas
|-
|to calm||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|marpelas
|-
|to care||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|carashas
|-
|to cast||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|mankraytas
|-
|to change||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|calathas
|-
|to climb||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|altoodas
|-
|to close||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|cagaras
|-
|to come||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|vooas
|-
|to create/make||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|vroathas
|-
|to cry||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|giylas
|-
|to cut||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|batsalas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|D
!width="80"|
|-
|to deceive/lie||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|gabatalas
|-
|to decide||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|charas
|-
|to defend||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|nofayas
|-
|to despair||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|varagas
|-
|to die||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|mootas
|-
|to do||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|yadatas
|-
|to drink||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|stotas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|E
!width="80"|
|-
|to eat||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|ooklas
|-
|to escape||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|natselas
|-
|to excuse||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|silathas
|-
|to explain||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|beynaras
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|F
!width="80"|
|-
|to fail||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|eretsas
|-
|to fall||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|zaynavas
|-
|to feel||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|hergathas
|-
|to fight||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|mahkas
|-
|to fill||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sobanas
|-
|to find||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|ralahas
|-
|to finish||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|gemoratas
|-
|to fly||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oyfas
|-
|to follow||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|regeras
|-
|to force||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|atzaras
|-
|to forget||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sahakthas

|}
||
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:30px;"
|}
||
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|G
!width="80"|
|-
|to give||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|taynas
|-
|to go/walk||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lulecetas
|-
|to grow||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|dagahlas
|-
|to guard||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|shemaras
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|H
!width="80"|
|-
|to happen||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|karathas
|-
|to hate||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|senatas
|-
|to heal||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|refanas
|-
|to hear||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|otzenas
|-
|to help||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oozaerlas
|-
|to hit||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|dafakas
|-
|to hold||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|baythas
|-
|to hope||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|tikvooas
|-
|to hunt||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|tzadahlas
|-
| to hurt/harm||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|nagafas
|}

{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|I
!width="80"|
|-
|to ignore ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|shagahas
|-
|to include ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sendalas
|-
|to involve ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|halachas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|J
!width="80"|
|-
|to journey||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lensoetas
|-
|to judge||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|dayanas
|-
|to jump||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|natharas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|K
!width="80"|
|-
|to keep||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|charathas
|-
|to kill||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|horagas
|-
|to know||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|daatas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|L
!width="80"|
|-
|to laugh||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lahabas
|-
|to leave||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|ayzavas
|-
|to learn||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|moderas
|-
|to like/enjoy||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oohevas
|-
|to listen||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sematas
|-
|to live||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|chaylas
|-
|to look||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|hinnelas
|-
|to lose||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|aybedas
|-
|to love||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oohevas goodel
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|M
!width="80"|
|-
|to mean/intend||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|doomathas
|-
|to meet||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|payenas
|-
|to move||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|shooratas
|-
|to murder||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|retzahkas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|N
!width="80"|
|-
|to need||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|(see 'to want')
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|O
!width="80"|
|-
|to open||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|yegalas
|-
|to order/command||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|debahras
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|P
!width="80"|
|-
|to pay||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|merekas
|-
|to play||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|nimayvas
|-
|to promise/swear||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|temoyas
|-
|to put||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|salahkas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|Q
!width="80"|
|-
| ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|
|}
||
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:30px;"
|}
||
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|R
!width="80"|
|-
|to read||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lekronas
|-
|to remember||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|zecoras
|-
|to rest||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|noomas
|-
|to return||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|hayseevas
|-
|to ride||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|hararas
|-
|to run||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|raytzas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="130"|S
!width="100"|
|-
|to save||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|shemaras shav
|-
|to say||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oomeras
|-
|to see||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|reyalas
|-
|to sell||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lemcoras
|-
|to send||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|maltaras
|-
|to set||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|aheras
|-
|to show||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|basavas
|-
|to sing||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sheras
|-
|to sit||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sayvas
|-
|to smile||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|cheyas
|-
|to smoke||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|ashanas
|-
|to speak||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|dooberas
|-
|to spend||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|kalathas
|-
|to stand||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|maydithas
|-
|to start||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|(see: to begin)
|-
|to stop||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|chedalas
|-
|to succeed||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|kasheras
|-
|to suggest or recommend||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|yalatas
|-
|to swim||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|sachoolas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|T
!width="80"|
|-
|to take||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|kahas
|-
|to teach||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|yeravas
|-
|to think||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|hooshevas
|-
|to travel||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|nensoatas
|-
|to try||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|chakarthas
|-
|to turn||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|seevas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|U
!width="80"|
|-
|to understand||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|mevinas
|-
|to use||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|ooshalas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|V
!width="80"|
|-
|to visit||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|bihkuras
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|W
!width="80"|
|-
|to wait||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oorebas
|-
|to wake/awaken||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|oorahtas
|-
|to want/need/desire||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|retzelathas
|-
|to watch/guard||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|shemaras
|-
|to wear||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|balahas
|-
|to win||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|zatheras
|-
|to work||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|yetzeras
|-
|to worry||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|lebelas
|-
|to worship/pray||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|palelas
|-
|to write||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|ktoovas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|X
!width="80"|
|-
| ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|Y
!width="80"|
|-
|to yell/shout ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|hedadas
|}
{|style="font-size:10pt; text-align:left; width:230px;"
!width="150"|Z
!width="80"|
|-
| ||style="font-style:italic; text-align:right;"|
|}
|-
|}

Nanshilae/Verbs - Revision history

Eklektikos: Categorised under Language

Grunt at 20:05, 24 March 2010

Grunt: Breaking Verbs out to their own page, organizing rules.