Nanshilae/Verbs

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Rules

Finding the Stem of a Verb

Infinitives end in -as. The rest of the word is called the "stem". Therefore, in the case of 'to guard' (shemaras) the stem is shemar

Present Indicative tense

Singular verbs, remove the as ending and use the stem by itself:

  • I guard 'Eni shemar
  • You guard Ta shemar
  • He/She/It guards Loo/Lah/Loo shemar.


Plural verbs, add -u to the stem:

  • We guard Nethnu shemaru
  • You guard Tem shemaru
  • They guard Loom shemaru


Present Perfect tense:

In the present perfect tense, it is not necessary to use the pronoun. Thus, I guarded, "Eni shemarti", can be "shemarti". Accent is on the second syllable in this tense.


  • I guarded shemarti
  • You guarded shemarta
  • He/It guarded shemaroe
  • She guarded shemarah


  • We guarded shemarnu
  • You guarded shemartem
  • They guarded shemaroo


Future imperfect:
  • I will guard Eni e'shemar
  • You will guard Ta tee'shemar
  • He/She/It will guard loo/lah/loo ye'shemar


  • We will guard Nethnu ne'shemar
  • You (pl) will guard Tem tee'shemaru
  • They will guard Loom ye'shemaru
The verb "to be".

The only irregular verb in the Avlissian elven tongue is the verb "to be" (hayas). In elven, the verb "to be" is implied in the present tense.

  • I am good. Eni toova.
  • You are good. Ta toova.
  • He is good. Loo toova.
  • She is good. Lah toova.


  • We are good. Nethnu toova.
  • You are good. Tem toova.
  • They are good. Loom toova.

Past Perfect:

  • I was good. Hayti toova.
  • You were good. Hayta toova.
  • He/It was good. Hayoe toova.
  • She was good. Hayah toova.


  • We were good. Haynu toova.
  • You were good. Haytem toova.
  • They were good. Hayoo toova.

Future Imperfect:

  • I will be good. Eni e'hay toova.
  • You will be good. Ta tee'hay toova.
  • He/It will be good. Loo ye'hay toova.
  • She will be good. Lah ye'hay toova.


  • We will be good. Nethnu ne'hay toova.
  • You will be good. Tem tee'hay toova.
  • They will be good. Loom ye'hay toova.
Converting a verb to a noun:

Take the stem and add the 'ith' ending. (Some verbs like Sheras (to sing) do not follow this rule.)


Examples:

  • taynas (to give) becomes taynith (giving)
  • tikvooas (to hope) becomes tikvooith (hope, or hoping)

There is no distinction in elven between the gerund (-ing ending) form of a verb turned into a noun and its non gerund form. Thus, hope and hoping are both tikvooith, and you must know the context of the sentence to figure out which is which.

If the noun is a person, add 'ot' to the end of the noun (or 'ithot' to the end of the verb stem). Remember plurals come after the entire word (ithoten not ithenot). In the few cases where a distinction between male and female would exist, add -an after the -ot.

Examples:

  • taynas (to give) becomes taynithot (giver)
  • raytzas (to run) becomes raytzithot (runner)
  • tzadahlas (to hunt) becomes tzadahlithot or tzadalithotan (hunter or huntress)


List of Common Verbs

A
to accuse saltanas
to agree choselas
to allow nathalas
to answer emerlas
to arrive negalas
to ask rabalas
to attack nofaylas
(to be) able to yucolas
B
to become (use 'to be' future imperfect)
to begin (use am/is beginning ex: Eni roosh)
to believe oomanas
to bless berathas
to borrow shaalas
to break bathalas
to breathe lahatas
to bring/carry galdalas
to buy knotas
C
to call kraytas
to calm marpelas
to care carashas
to cast mankraytas
to change calathas
to climb altoodas
to close cagaras
to come vooas
to create/make vroathas
to cry giylas
to cut batsalas
D
to deceive/lie gabatalas
to decide charas
to defend nofayas
to despair varagas
to die mootas
to do yadatas
to drink stotas
E
to eat ooklas
to escape natselas
to excuse silathas
to explain beynaras
F
to fail eretsas
to fall zaynavas
to feel hergathas
to fight mahkas
to fill sobanas
to find ralahas
to finish gemoratas
to fly oyfas
to follow regeras
to force atzaras
to forget sahakthas
G
to give taynas
to go/walk lulecetas
to grow dagahlas
to guard shemaras
H
to happen karathas
to hate senatas
to heal refanas
to hear otzenas
to help oozaerlas
to hit dafakas
to hold baythas
to hope tikvooas
to hunt tzadahlas
to hurt/harm nagafas
I
to ignore shagahas
to include sendalas
to involve halachas
J
to journey lensoetas
to judge dayanas
to jump natharas
K
to keep charathas
to kill horagas
to know daatas
L
to laugh lahabas
to leave ayzavas
to learn moderas
to like/enjoy oohevas
to listen sematas
to live chaylas
to look hinnelas
to lose aybedas
to love oohevas goodel
M
to mean/intend doomathas
to meet payenas
to move shooratas
to murder retzahkas
N
to need (see 'to want')
O
to open yegalas
to order/command debahras
P
to pay merekas
to play nimayvas
to promise/swear temoyas
to put salahkas
Q
R
to read lekronas
to remember zecoras
to rest noomas
to return hayseevas
to ride hararas
to run raytzas
S
to save shemaras shav
to say oomeras
to see reyalas
to sell lemcoras
to send maltaras
to set aheras
to show basavas
to sing sheras
to sit sayvas
to smile cheyas
to smoke ashanas
to speak dooberas
to spend kalathas
to stand maydithas
to start (see: to begin)
to stop chedalas
to succeed kasheras
to suggest or recommend yalatas
to swim sachoolas
T
to take kahas
to teach yeravas
to think hooshevas
to travel nensoatas
to try chakarthas
to turn seevas
U
to understand mevinas
to use ooshalas
V
to visit bihkuras
W
to wait oorebas
to wake/awaken oorahtas
to want/need/desire retzelathas
to watch/guard shemaras
to wear balahas
to win zatheras
to work yetzeras
to worry lebelas
to worship/pray palelas
to write ktoovas
X
Y
to yell/shout hedadas
Z
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